What is the  Purpose of Fund Balance and Working Capital?

As previously described, fund balance and working capital are the best measures of a fund’s financial position for governmental funds and enterprise funds, respectively. A fund’s financial position basically reflects the net available resources of a fund. It is necessary for governments to maintain adequate levels of available resources (also referred to as reserves) in their funds for a variety of reasons. Reserves, act like a shock absorber, guarding against unforeseen events. Listed below are the primary reasons governments need to maintain reserves in their operating funds:
• To mitigate revenue shortfalls.
• To mitigate unanticipated expenditures.
• To ensure stable tax rates.
• To assist in long-­‐term financial planning.
• Cash flow purposes.
• Equipment acquisition and replacement.
• Credit rating agencies monitor fund balance & working capital levels to evaluate a government’s continued creditworthiness. The result of their analysis is often reflected in their bond ratings. As described by the Government Finance Officers’ Association, those interested primarily in a government’s creditworthiness or economic condition (e.g., rating agencies) are likely to favor increased levels of fund balance. Opposing pressures often come from unions, taxpayers and citizens’ groups, which may view high levels of fund balance as "excessive."